Treasures of the Elite of the Bulgharian Ulus of the Gol­den Horde

Research objectives: To analyze the materials of most famous hoards Golden Horde era found on territory Bulgharian ulus basis a comprehensive analysis. identify coincidence jewelry that they contained. determine similarities and differences with other finds from this territory, as well to possible place their manufacture connection archaeological sites. materials: Preserved Karasham Juketau hoards. The former was in 1950 near village Zelenodolsk district Republic Tatarstan. latter 1924 outskirts city Chistopol Tatarstan, next medieval settlement – remnants which existed tenth early fifteenth centuries. In addition jewelry, both contained silver gold coins made it time when these were buried. hoard deposited at beginning century. 1350–70s. Both are not fully preserved. author carefully studied now stored National Museum State Hermitage. Items published private collections, also involved study. Results novelty research: investigated, for first ever, surviving part hoard, including considered studies scholars. A comparative analysis carried out. find out distribution such search analogies similar among settlements era. It significant hoard’s workshops Bolghar, partly by jewelers craft centers Horde. should be noted Bolghar. popular products bracelets images lion’s muzzle ends objects, stylized using niello. Such Juketau. existence Bolghar is confirmed excavations. second half twentieth twenty-first centuries, archaeologists several central dated fourteenth Crucibles, tools, more than hundred foundry molds discovered here. assumes jeweler named Shagidulla worked here likely collected generations same family. contrast, personal treasure.